Department of Advertising

Hazardous Products

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

As this web site develops, in the space below we will provide a bibliography of articles and books relevant to this topic. To the extent practical, bibliographic references will be annotated.

Anyone interested in submitting additional bibliographic material for this reference page, or for any of the others at this site, is welcome to send such material via e-mail to jef@mail.utexas.edu. Please type the references in the same format as is used here, and keep the annotations to a few sentences.

Alcohol Advertising

  1. Mark A. Conrad (1990). Board of Trustees of the State University of New York v. Fox - The Dawn of a New Age of Commercial Speech Regulation of Tobacco and Alcohol. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, 9, 61.

  2. Lauren Tucker, Roxanne Hovland and Gary Wilcox (1987). Consumer Response to Seagram's Equivalency Ad Campaign on TV. Journalism Quarterly, 64 (4): 834-38, 946.

    This article explores the impact of the Seagram's equivalency television commercial on the receivers' perception regarding the sponsor and the subject matter. A sample of 53 college students are studied in a before-after design. The results indicate that the Seagram ad is perceived as a public service message not as a product advertisement. Findings also show the presence of confusion concerning the subject matter as the majority of the subjects are found to perceive the spot as a message related to drinking and driving run by law enforcement agencies. Despite the confusion, a significant increase is observed in subjects' beliefs regarding the equivalency of alcoholic beverages after exposure to the ad.

  3. Lemuel B. Shofield (1985). First Amendment Implications of Banning Alcoholic Beverage Ads on Radio and TV. Journalism Quarterly, 62 (3), 533-39.

    This paper examines the history of regulatory issues and cases concerning alcoholic beverage commercials, and discusses the possible outcome of a constitutional challenge to laws which attempt to prohibit them, leading to the conclusion that such legislation would not violate the First Amendment.

  4. Matthew L. Miller (1985). The First Amendment and Legislative Bans of Liquor and Cigarette Advertisements. Columbia Law Review, 85, 632.

  5. Paul M. Kohn, Reginald G. Smart, and Alan C. Ogborne (1984). Effects of Two Kinds of Alcohol Advertising on Subsequent Consumption. Journal of Advertising, 13 (1): 34-40, 48.

    The relative effect of "lifestyle" versus "tombstone" ads for alcoholic beverages on subsequent consumption is investigated in an experiment with a sample of males intercepted in a shopping mall, ascertained to be drinkers. Actual magazine ads for an imported beer are used. Subjects' alcohol consumption is measured first by their use of a $5.00 voucher for immediate use in a licensed restaurant and by subsequent telephone contact representing an independent survey about beverage consumption several weeks after the experiment. Results indicate that neither lifestyle nor tombstone ads have any impact, immediate or delayed, on any category of alcohol consumption or subjects' evaluation of ads

Tobacco Advertising

  1. Richards, J. I. (1996). Politicizing Cigarette Advertising. Catholic University Law Review, 45(4), 1147-1212.
  2. Richard W. Pollay (1995). Targeting Tactics in Selling Smoke: Youthful Aspects of 20th Century Cigarette Advertising. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 3(1), 1.

  3. Gary B. Wilcox, Marye Tharp, and Ki-Tae Yang (1994). Cigarette Advertising and Consumption in South Korea, 1988-1992. International Journal of Advertising, 13, 333.

  4. George R. Franke (1994). U.S. Cigarette Demand, 1961-1990: Econometric Issues; Evidence, and Implications. Journal of Business Research, 30, 33.

  5. John C. Fox (1994). An Assessment of the Current Legal Climate Concerning Smoking in the Workplace. St. Louis Public Law Review, 13, 591.

  6. Richard W. Pollay (1994). Exposure of US youth to cigarette television advertising in the 1960s. Tobacco Control, 3, 130.

  7. Jean J. Boddewyn (1994). Cigarette advertising bans and smoking: the flawed policy connection. International Journal of Advertising, 13(4), 311.

  8. Claude R. Martin, Jr. (1994). Consumer Research Standards & Public Policy Formulation: The Case of Mickey Mouse & Old Joe. Advances in Consumer Research, 21, 380.

  9. John P. Pierce, Lora Lee, and Elizabeth A. Gilpin (1994). Smoking Initiation by adolescent girls, 1944 through 1988: an association with targeted advertising. Journal of the American Medical Association, February 23, 608.

  10. Peter D. Jacobson, Jeffrey Wasserman, and Kristiana Raube (1993). The Politics of Antismoking Legislation. Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 18(4), 787.

  11. Jean J. Boddewyn (1993). Where Should Articles on the Link Between Tobacco Advertising and Consumption Be Published? Journal of Advertising, 22, 105.

  12. Lawrence C. Soley (1993). Smoke-filled Rooms and Research: A Response to Jean J. Boddewyn's Commentary. Journal of Advertising, 22, 108.

  13. Richard W. Pollay (1993). Pertinent Research and Impertinent Opinions: Our Contributions to the Cigarette Advertising Policy Debate. Journal of Advertising, 22, 110.

  14. G.S. Don Morris, Anthony N. Vo, Stanley Bassin, David Savaglio, and Nathan D. Wong (1993). Prevalence and sociobehavioral correlates of tobacco use among Hispanic children: the tobacco resistance activity program. Journal of School Health, 63(9), 391.

  15. Lorne D. Bertrand and Thomas J. Abernathy (1993). Predicting cigarette smoking among adolescents using cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Journal of School Health, 63(2), 98.

  16. Gary B. Wilcox and Barry Vacker (1992). Cigarette Advertising and Consumption in the United States: 1961-1990. International Journal of Advertising, 11, 269.

  17. Richard W. Pollay and Anne M. Lavack (1992). The Targeting of Youths by Cigarette Marketers: Archival Evidence on Trial. Advances in Consumer Research, 20, 266.

  18. Paul M. Fischer, Meyer P. Schwartz, John W. Richards Jr., Adam O. Goldstein, and Tina H. Rojas (1991). Brand Logo Recognition by Children Aged 3 to 6 years. Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, 3145.

  19. Joseph R. DiFranza, John W. Richards Jr., Paul M. Paulman, Nancy Wolf-Gillespie, Christopher Fletcher, Richard D. Jaffe, and David Murray (1991). RJR Nabisco's Cartoon Camel Promotes Camel Cigarettes to Children. Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, 3149.

  20. John P. Pierce, Elizabeth Gilpin, David M. Burns, Elizabeth Whalen, Bradley Rosbrook, Donald Shopland, and Michael Johnson (1991). Does Tobacco Advertising Target Young People to Start Smoking? Journal of the American Medical Association, 266, 3154.

  21. Francisco Hernandez, Jr., and Jordan M. Parker (1991). Federal Preemption of State Tort Actions Under the Federal Cigarette and Advertising Act. Tort and Insurance Law Journal, 27, 1.

  22. Gary B. Wilcox and Jef I. Richards (1990). The Cigarette Advertising Controversy: Will Regulation Help? Proceedings of the 1990 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, P.A. Stout (ed.): 149-154.
  23. Mark A. Conrad (1990). Board of Trustees of the State University of New York v. Fox - The Dawn of a New Age of Commercial Speech Regulation of Tobacco and Alcohol. Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, 9, 61.

  24. Richard W. Pollay (1990). Propaganda, Puffing and the Public Interest: The Scientific Smoke Screen for Cigarettes. Public Relations Review, 16, 27.

  25. Richard W. Pollay (1989). Filter, Flavor . . . Flim-Flam, Too!: Cigarette Advertising Content and Its Regulation. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 8, 30.

  26. Lester L. Johnson (1988). Cigarette advertising and public policy. International Journal of Social Economics, 7, 76.

  27. Michael J. Garrison (1987). Should All Cigarette Advertising Be Banned? A First Amendment and Public Policy Issue. American Business Law Journal, 25, 169.

  28. Jef I. Richards (1987). Clearing the Air About Cigarettes: Will Advertisers' Rights Go Up in Smoke? Pacific Law Journal, 19, 1-70.

    This rather long article discusses the history of social criticisms of tobacco use, and the development of medical evidence regarding its health hazards. It then discusses the many judicial and legislative threats to the tobacco industry, and particularly to tobacco advertising. The 1986 Sinar Bill, which would have banned all tobacco advertising and promotions, is analyzed for First Amendment implications. The author concludes that such a law would be unconstitutional. An alternative approach to diminishing this health threat, less offensive to the First Amendment, is suggested.

  29. Debra Jones Ringold (1986). A Preliminary Investigation of the Information Content of Cigarette Advertising: A Longitudinal Analysis. Advances in Consumer Research, 14, 269-73.

    This research examines how the extent and type of health information in cigarette advertising vary over time and by brand in a content analysis. The analysis consists of 211 print ads taken from Time, The New Yorker, The Saturday Evening Post, and Life magazines published between 1926 and 1985. The findings indicate that prior to the FTC's 1955 cigarette advertising guidelines, health claims constitute a considerable portion of the information in the cigarette ads studied, while they seldom appear after 1955.

  30. Avery Abernethy and Jesse Teel (1986). Advertising Regulation's Effect Upon Demand for Cigarettes. Journal of Advertising, 15(4), 51.

  31. Vincent Blasi and Henry Monaghan (1986). The First Amendment and Cigarette Advertising. Journal of the American Medical Association, 256, 502.

  32. Matthew L. Miller (1985). The First Amendment and Legislative Bans of Liquor and Cigarette Advertisements. Columbia Law Review, 85, 632.

  33. Gregory T. Wuliger (1984). The Constitutional Rights of Puffery: Commercial Speech and the Cigarette Broadcast Advertising Ban. Federal Communications Bar Journal, 36, 1.

  34. Gaurav Bhalla and John L. Lastovicka (1983). The Impact of Changing Cigarette Warning Message Content and Format. Advances in Consumer Research, 11: 305-10.

    This study investigates the effect of the current cigarette warning message and a revised one reflecting the proposed change by the FTC. It is also attempted to determine how and why factors such as size and content impede and/or facilitate credibility. The research conducted with 84 college students uses versions of actual print ads and employs a 3 (format; current, mild, and severe) X 2 (current vs. new warning statements) X 2 (textual vs. pictorial ads) between-subject design. The analysis of four learning measures reveals that variation in levels of format and ad types prominently influence advertising effect, and that the more sever the departure of the format from the existing format and the less textual the advertising context, the greater the potential effect.

  35. Charles D. Spielberger, Gerard A. Jacobs, Rosario S. Crane, and Stephen F. Russell (1983). On the relation between family smoking habits and the smoking behavior of college students. International Review of Applied Psychology, 32, 53.

  36. Robert D. Lynd (1969). Banzhaf v. FCC: Public Interest and the Fairness Doctrine. Federal Communications Bar Journal, 23, 39.

  37. Norman P. Leventhal (1968). Caution: Cigarette Commercials May Be Hazardous to Your License - The New Aspects of Fairness. Federal Communications Bar Journal, 22, 55.

© 1995, 1996, 1997 Jef I. Richards
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